TCP / IP basics

Basic concepts

The first thing we have to make clear, contrary to popular belief, is that TCP / IP is not one protocol, there are two. We often mistakenly refer to it as the TCP / IP protocol, when we should speak of the TCP / IP protocol suite. On the one hand, we have the IP protocol (Internet Protocol), which as its name indicates is the basis of the Internet, and of any network developed from its technology. IP, as we will discuss later, provides higher-level protocols of data encapsulation and forwarding  businessrobotic  services. On the other hand, we have a couple of protocols that usually use IP as a base: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). TCP provides network applications with a number of services that IP cannot provide because of its simplicity. UDP for its part, also uses IP as a base,  medicalnewstodayblog

How could it be otherwise, the history of TCP / IP is closely linked to the history of the Internet itself. In the mid-1970s the US Department of Defense. USA requested ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) to develop a network system between the different laboratories, universities and state offices. The main problem they found was that the existing networks, each of them, used different operating systems and different topologies and types of network. The designers of what was first known as ARPAnet (later the Internet), decided that, in order to interconnect a large number of different types of subnets, they should first define a protocol that is easy to implement in all of them (which would be IP), and what about him, later they would use more complex protocols (TCP, UDP, etc.). The simplicity of the IP protocol is precisely one of the reasons why it is currently supported on all relevant computer platforms.  treasurebiz

Protocols over protocols

When facing a problem of considerable size, the most optimal solution begins by dividing it into small sections, to later proceed to solve each of them independently. The same principle of divide and conquer is the one that is followed when we design networks  digitaltechspot , that is, separating in a good number of levels, the act of transmitting data from one system to another. As a reference, ISO (International Standards Organization) created a model for open systems interconnection, known as OSI. This model divides the information transmission process between computer equipment into seven layers, from the physical hardware to the network applications managed by the user. These layers or levels are: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation and, finally, of application . Each new network protocol that is defined is usually associated with one (or more) levels of the OSI standard. The Internet has a simpler model. It does not define anything in terms of the physical appearance of the links, or the network class or topology of their subnets, and therefore, within the OSI model, there is only a correlation with the upper levels (see Figure 1).  bizautomotive